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101.
Fernanda R C Damasceno Denise M G Freire Magali C Cammarota 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(5):730-738
BACKGROUND: The application of lipase‐rich enzyme pools (such as the crude solid enzymatic preparation (SEP) obtained from Penicillium restrictum solid‐state fermentation of agro‐industrial wastes) to activated sludge systems may be an effective strategy for preventing various operational problems. The continuous addition of SEP to the treatment system can become cost‐prohibitive when in situ production and/or storage are factored in. The application of SEP to high‐fat wastewater treatment would only be justified as an emergency measure, such as a sudden increase in the fat content of the bioreactor influent. Therefore, the primary objective of this work was to investigate the efficiency of a crude SEP during fat shock loads, simulated through the periodic addition of dairy industry waste containing high fat concentrations to the feed stock of an activated sludge system, operated in continuous mode. RESULTS: The test bioreactor exhibited a higher average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency than the control bioreactor (83% for control and 90% for test) and the fat accumulation in the biological flocs of the test bioreactor was 3.2 times lower than that in the control bioreactor. Turbidity was also lower in the effluent of the test bioreactor (123 and 66 FTU in control and test, respectively) and it had a shorter recovery time between shock loads, especially when the interval between loads was shorter than one month (biweekly and weekly shock loads). CONCLUSION: The addition of SEP during fat overloads in the reactor feed maintained efficient COD removal in the test bioreactor for 270 days without any operational problems. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
102.
动态多目标决策问题的灰色分析方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
将用于固定时间截面下静态多目标决策的灰色关联理论推广到动态情形,引入局部理想最优效果和整体理想最优效果的概念,提出一种新型的动态多目标决策问题的灰色关联模型,并通过算例说明该方法的合理可行性。 相似文献
103.
104.
D. Roy 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2004,61(5):764-790
Sample pathwise numerical integration of noise-driven engineering dynamical systems cannot generally be performed beyond a limited level of accuracy, especially when the noise processes are modelled using (filtered) white noises. Recently, a locally transversal linearization (LTL) strategy has been proposed by the author (Proc Roy Soc London A 2001; 457 :539–566) for direct integration of deterministic and stochastic non-linear dynamical systems. The present effort is focussed on a host of extensions along with detailed theoretical error analyses of the linearization approach, especially as applied to problems in non-linear stochastic engineering dynamics. Thus, to begin with, estimates of local and global error orders in the basic LTL scheme are obtained separately for the displacement and velocity vectors when the system is driven either by a set of additive noises or by an arbitrary combination of (independently evolving) additive and multiplicative noises. Following this, a new family of higher-order LTL schemes is proposed in order to improve upon the basic LTL method and the associated error orders are established. A stepwise implementation of the lower- and higher-order versions of the LTL method, along with certain computational aspects, is also outlined. The proposed schemes are numerically illustrated, to a limited extent, for a single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) and a two degree-of-freedom (TDOF) non-linear engineering systems under additive and/or multiplicative white noise excitations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
105.
:本文作者给出了轻烃分离稳态操作数学模型,并讨论了该模型在轻烃分离中的应用。该模型应用状态方程计算轻烃汽-液平衡常数和平衡组成,考虑了精馏塔内汽相和液相的非恒摩尔流特性;建立了一个多股进料、多侧线饱和汽相或饱和液相采出以及塔的中间供热与移热的复杂精馏塔模型。应用该模型编制的程序可以考查轻烃分离过程的各种操作因素对能耗和切割清晰度的影响,它对轻烃精馏塔的设计和操作都具指导意义。 相似文献
106.
Yu. A. Radin I. A. Grishin T. S. Kontorovich O. B. Panshina A. V. Chugin 《Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction)》2006,40(2):113-119
Problems arising with connecting the second exhaust-heat boiler to the first exhaust-heat boiler under load in the case of
flow circuits of combined-cycle plants of type PGU-450 are considered. Similar problems exist for two-boiler single-turbine
units of type PGU-325 and for two-boiler single-turbine units of traditional steampower plants with an output of 200–300 MW
upon connection of the second furnace of a two-furnace boiler to the operating first furnace. Analysis of the temperature-induced
stressed state and of the cyclic strength of thick-walled elements of the steam-water conduit of PGU-450 and of two-furnace
boilers of two-boiler single-turbine units with an output of 200–300 MW (the check valve, the inlet header of the water economizer)
is used for determining the steam temperature differences in the high-pressure conduits to the steam turbine and the order
of connection of the second exhaust-heat boiler to the operating fist one. Modes of enabling a two-boiler single-turbine unit
of a combined-cycle plant, which are most “rigid” from the standpoint of thermal strength, are determined.
__________
Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, February 2006, pp. 11–17. 相似文献
107.
高炉富氧鼓风的现状及机前供氧 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
阐述了高炉生产采用富氧大喷煤的必要性,国内高炉富氧鼓风的现状,以及机前富氧的优点和应采取的安全措施。 相似文献
108.
109.
110.
CIMS可靠性模型随机研究的突出特点是工作站的并行结构使系统的状态个数呈现指数级增大,同时,并行结构与有限的缓冲库相互交织在一起,这使系统状态呈爆炸趋势,显然,对系统作精确的分析与系统呈现的状态爆炸趋势构成了难以解决的矛盾,如何解决这一矛盾正是CIMS随机理论有待开发的重要课题。我们把扩散近似方法引入到多台并行的CIMS可靠性模型中,以简单的连续过程描述了具有状态爆炸趋势的复杂离散过程,给出了CI 相似文献